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Media, Law & Policy

Making the Unthinkable Understandable: New Course Trains Students to Understand and Respond to Atrocities

Wednesday, December 20, 2017, By Wendy S. Loughlin
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academicsCollege of LawfacultyNewhouse School of Public Communications

Uncovering and communicating the truths about human conflict, human suffering and human rights violations is a complicated but vitally important task that often falls to those who write the 鈥渇irst rough draft of history鈥濃€攖hat is, journalists operating on the front lines of conflict zones or under cover.

David Crane at the head of a class

Professor David Crane calls on a student in the course Media and Atrocities. (Photo by Ken Harper)

Training communicators to make sense of atrocity and humanitarian disaster was the motivation behind Media and Atrocities, an interdisciplinary course offered for the first time this semester at 黑料不打烊. The course was co-taught by , professor of practice聽in the 聽and member of the faculty of the , and , associate professor of multimedia photography and design聽in the and director of the .

The course examines the critical roles that law, policy and communications play in ensuring truth-telling and securing justice for victims of atrocity, often by providing international law organizations with the raw information they require to bring humanitarian law violators to justice. Harper says he and Crane believe it鈥檚 the first university course of its kind.

鈥淭hese students will become young professionals who are trained to seek and present information on atrocities, genocide, disaster 鈥� basically, making the unthinkable understandable,鈥� says Harper.

Among the required readings were 鈥溾€� by Samantha Power and 鈥溾€� by Ishmael Beah. Several non-fiction films were also recommended, including 鈥溾€� and 鈥�,鈥� as well as fictional films such as 鈥�,鈥� 鈥溾€� and 鈥�.鈥�

Special guests鈥攊ncluding Ploughshares Fund president , CNN senior U.N. correspondent and Physicians for Human Rights researcher Christine Mehta 鈥�11鈥攑articipated in class discussions via Skype.

Course content was constantly shifting, Harper says, 鈥渁dapting to the reality the world presents.鈥�

Students in the course included both undergraduate and graduate students from a variety of programs across campus, such as international relations, broadcast and digital journalism, public affairs, photography and law. They began the semester by examining the meaning and history of atrocity, reviewing legal developments over the past century and learning about the modern international criminal law system.

Most of the semester was spent building a mock postconflict justice tribunal for Syria. Students chose various roles鈥攕uch as prosecutor, journalist, public relations officer or activist鈥攁nd carried out a series of practical exercises in preparation for the final exercise, held on the last day of class: a press conference called by the mock tribunal鈥檚 chief prosecutor (played by Crane) announcing an indictment against Syrian President Bhashr Hafez Al-Assad.

Students also set up a public relations office; organized a PR plan; staged a news broadcast; and developed a coordination plan for NGOs working in Syria, as well as a model for the organizations to work together into the future.

Zach Krahmer, who is earning a master鈥檚 degree in photography from the Newhouse School and an executive master鈥檚 degree in international relations from the , says he chose to enroll in the class because he is interested in conflict resolution and has worked with communities that have experienced trauma. 鈥淚 wanted to think critically about the way we produce and consume media that involves atrocities, and the responsibility that implies,鈥� he says.

He notes a particular assignment that had him and his classmates explore the ways social media have been used in various campaigns, with the resulting presentations touching on everything from the Colombian plebiscite to Buddhist extremist groups in Myanmar to Assad. 鈥淚 was surprised by the innumerable ways that perceptions of events had been manipulated by tactful use of media,鈥� he says.

Krahmer, along with fellow students Katie Conti and Maggie Mabie 鈥�16, acted as Crane鈥檚 media team for the mock tribunal. They staged the public release of an indictment against a sitting head of state; wrote, edited and delivered a press release; and crafted the chief prosecutor鈥檚 press briefing. 鈥淚t was valuable to experience the deliberation that goes into crafting public messages such as these,鈥� he says. Mabie, who earned a bachelor鈥檚 degree in public relations from the Newhouse School and is now a joint J.D./M.P.A. student in the College of Law and the Maxwell School, says the final exercise was one of the most powerful parts of the class. 鈥淓veryone treated the simulation as if it were real.鈥�

Following the class, Krahmer says, 鈥淚 have a greater appreciation for the way media can be leveraged by different actors to achieve their goals.鈥�

Crane knows intimately how important good journalism and good public relations are to the success of postconflict justice. As the founding chief prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone鈥攁n international war crimes tribunal set up after a devastating civil war鈥擟rane held frequent press conferences and town hall meetings with ordinary citizens seeking justice for war crimes and crimes against humanity, helping them to engage with a lengthy and esoteric process and to accept its findings.

Today, Crane and his law students in the College of Law鈥檚 rely on ground reports from reporters, photojournalists and others in the field. SAP is an internationally recognized, cooperative effort to document war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Syrian Civil War. The students log reports of crimes in their 鈥淐rime Matrix,鈥� which is filed with international clients such as the United Nations and International Criminal Court. The intent is that the Crime Matrix will help form the basis of a prosecution of those most responsible for humanitarian crimes after the conflict ends.

Crane and Harper have collaborated on several recent SAP projects, including the event and the 鈥淟ooking Through the Window Darkly鈥�; 鈥淐overed in Dust, Veiled by Shadows鈥�; 鈥淚dlib Left Breathless鈥�; and 鈥淩eport on the Yazidi Genocide.鈥�

鈥淚n a conflict zone, the free press is often another victim of tyrants and unscrupulous warriors, and journalists must do their work in extremely dangerous conditions. Certainly, Ken and I know first hand the difficulties reporters face when documenting human suffering, and the Syrian Accountability Project has recorded many crimes against journalists during that conflict,鈥� says Crane. 鈥淣evertheless, throughout the world there are brave reporters who risk their lives, not only filing reports so the world can witness atrocity but also acting as advocates for those who have no voice. In this course, Ken and I worked together from different disciplines to instill a sense of the responsibility communicators in war zones have, how their work can bring hope and eventually justice to the afflicted and the importance of professionalism in extreme conditions.鈥�

  • Author

Wendy S. Loughlin

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